An outdoor bonsai garden is a unique opportunity to combine gardening and art. Designed for close viewing, these miniature marvels are living sculptures that require patience and dedication to nurture their artistic designs. The Chinese art of penjing and Japanese bonsai use woody plants in containers to portray the natural growth habits of full-size trees. They also change with the seasons like their wild counterparts, requiring constant pruning and wiring to maintain their aesthetic forms.
As with any landscape design, a bonsai garden starts with the selection of plant material. The best starter materials are indigenous to your region. This may be as simple as examining your yard or garden for tree limbs, berries, twigs or seedlings. Some species can be grown indoors, while others need a warm climate to thrive.
The next step is to determine the location of your bonsai garden. The site should be sheltered from direct sunlight as well as wind and extreme weather conditions. If you’re choosing a location that can’t provide the necessary protection, consider the use of an accent plant or rock in combination with the bonsai. This is called kusamono, and it’s an important aspect of bonsai gardening to create visual balance.
Once the plant material is selected, you’ll need to begin training it. Pruning and wiring are the basic techniques, but the exact process will depend on the specific species of tree. For example, some trees grow thicker branches than others that can be pruned, and the timing of this process is critical to achieving a particular style. Our Bonsai Tree Guide has more information about general care guidelines.