Bonsai Tree Types

Bonsai is a combination of horticulture and three-dimensional design, with the growing miniature tree serving as both a symbol of nature and an expression of artistic creativity. The art form is based on the idea that a mature tree in miniature will resemble its full-size counterpart, and each piece must reflect balance between the tree’s roots, branches, foliage, and trunk.

There are several types of trees that grow well as bonsai. Each type has its own distinct appearance and specific characteristics that can be adapted to the unique design style of the artist. Some tree species are easier to care for than others, and some trees are better suited for certain styles than others. The five main bonsai tree types are conifers, deciduous trees, ficus and elms, and flowering plants.

Coniferous bonsai trees, including cypress and junipers, are popular with beginners because they respond well to pruning and aging techniques, Price says. Junipers in particular have small leaves and a rough texture that lends them an authentic old-tree look, she adds. They are also hardy, making them suitable for almost any climate.

For those who want to try something a little different, deciduous bonsai are another good choice. These trees have a tendency to develop interesting trunk shapes, and they often have attractive fall colors.

Beginners can start with seed or a cutting, which is a branch cut from a healthy plant and planted in new soil to start a new (but genetically identical) plant. Growing a bonsai from seeds gives the artist full control over the tree’s development, but it can take years for the tree to reach maturity.